Nuevamente sobre la legitimación

Se analiza la legitimación en el derecho procesa

Reversibility of the zinc-blende to rock-salt phase transition in cadmium sulfide nanocrystals

CdS nanoparticles prepared by a mechanochemical reaction in a planetary ball mill have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, optical absorption, and Raman scattering under high pressure conditions up to 11 GPa. The zinc-blende (ZB) to rock-salt phase transition is observed around 6 GPa in all experiments, the transition pressure being similar to the one measured in CdS colloidal nanocrystals, and much higher than in bulk (around 3 GPa). The direct optical energy gap in ZB-CdS increases with pressure, and suddenly drops when the pressure is raised above 6 GPa, according to the high-pressure indirect-gap behavior. A linear blue-shift of the CdS Raman spectra is observed upon increasing pressure. Both Raman and x-ray diffraction studies indicate that the phase transition has a large hysteresis, making the ZB phase barely recoverable at ambient conditions. Cell parameters and bulk modulus measured in CdS nanoparticles clearly show that the nanoparticles at ambient conditions are subject to an initial pressure in comparison to CdS bulk.This work was financially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Projects MAT2008-06873-C02-01/MAT, MAT2011-28868-C02-01 and CTQ2009-14596-C02-01), the Comunidad de Madrid and European Social Fund (Project S2009/PPQ-1551 4161893 (QUIMAPRES)), and the MALTA-Consolider Ingenio 2010 (Reference CSD2007-00045). R.M.-R. thanks the Spanish MEC for a FPI research grant (Reference BES-2006-13359). The expert assistance of L. Rodríguez at the SERTEM is gratefully acknowledged

Patient-to-patient transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) during colonoscopy diagnosis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>No recognized risk factors can be identified in 10-40% of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients suggesting that the modes of transmission involved could be underestimated or unidentified. Invasive diagnostic procedures, such as endoscopy, have been considered as a potential HCV transmission route; although the actual extent of transmission in endoscopy procedures remains controversial. Most reported HCV outbreaks related to nosocomial acquisition have been attributed to unsafe injection practices and use of multi-dose vials. Only a few cases of likely patient-to-patient HCV transmission via a contaminated colonoscope have been reported to date. Nosocomial HCV infection may have important medical and legal implications and, therefore, possible transmission routes should be investigated. In this study, a case of nosocomial transmission of HCV from a common source to two patients who underwent colonoscopy in an endoscopy unit is reported.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A retrospective epidemiological search after detection of index cases revealed several potentially infective procedures: sample blood collection, use of a peripheral catheter, anesthesia and colonoscopy procedures. The epidemiological investigation showed breaches in colonoscope reprocessing and deficiencies in the recording of valuable tracing data. Direct sequences from the NS5B region were obtained to determine the extent of the outbreak and cloned sequences from the E1-E2 region were used to establish the relationships among intrapatient viral populations. Phylogenetic analyses of individual sequences from viral populations infecting the three patients involved in the outbreak confirmed the patient pointed out by the epidemiological search as the source of the outbreak. Furthermore, the sequential order in which the patients underwent colonoscopy correlates with viral genetic variability estimates.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Patient-to-patient transmission of HCV could be demonstrated although the precise route of transmission remained unclear. Viral genetic variability is proposed as a useful tool for tracing HCV transmission, especially in recent transmissions.</p

On ℓ∞- Grothendieck subspaces

A closed subspace S of l - is said to be a l -Grothendieck subspace if co c S (hence l - c S**) and every [sigma] (S*, S)-convergent sequence in S* is [sigma](S*, l)-convergent. Here we give examples of closed subspaces of l- containing co which are or fail to be l -Grothendiec.The authors were supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Spain), grants PGC2018-101514-B-I00, PID2019-103961GB-C22, and by Vicerrectorado de Investigación de la Universidad de Cádiz. This work was also co-financed by the 2014-2020 ERDF Operational Programme, and by the Department of Economy, Knowledge, Business and University of the Regional Government of Andalusia, project reference: FEDER-UCA18-108415

Los fondos fotográficos del Instituto de Historia del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España): Iniciativas para una nueva gestión

XIV Coloquio del Seminario de Estudio y Conservación del Patrimonio Cultural: La fotografía: imagen y materia, Oaxaca, del 28 al 31 de mayo, 2006 . Universidad Nacional Autonónoma de México. Instituto de Investigaciones EstéticasPeer reviewe

A GRASP-Tabu Heuristic Approach to Territory Design for Pickup and Delivery Operations for Large-Scale Instances

Weaddressalogisticsdistrictingproblemfacedbyaparcelcompanywhoseoperationsconsistofpickingupanddeliveringpackages overaserviceregion.Thedistrictingprocessaimstofindapartitionoftheserviceregionintodeliveryandcollectionzonesthat may be served by a single vehicle that departs from a central depot. Criteria to be optimized are to balance workload content among the districts and to create districts of compact shape. A solution approach based on a hybrid procedure that combines elements of GRASP and Tabu Search (TS) is proposed to solve large-scale instances. Numerical experimentation is performed consideringdifferentinstancesizesandtypes.Resultsshowthattheproposedsolutionapproachisabletosolvelarge-scaleinstances inreasonablecomputationaltimeswithgoodqualityofthesolutionsobtained.Todeterminethequalityofthesolutions,resultsare comparedwithCPLEXsolutionsandwiththecurrentrealsolutiontohighlightthebenefitsoftheproposedapproach.Conclusions andrecommendationsforfurtherresearchareprovided

Estudio de similitudes entre áreas temáticas

In this paper some results are presented which permit the graphic representation of the similarities between subjects which appear on web pages found on the Internet. To this end, these similarities are quantified and graphically represented by means of an index between the different subjects, in accordance with an intuitive interpretation of similarity between sets. The use of a function based on Learning Theory, enable us to study the similarity or interrelation between different lines of investigations corresponding to information on web pages. The visual analysis of the aforementioned interrelations has been applied to the area of Learning research refering to the period May 2003-May 2004. Furthermore, various tables which clarify the potential of this similarity index are constructed.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;En este trabajo presentamos unos resultados que permiten la representación gráfica de las similitudes entre centros de interés que aparecen en las páginas Web que se encuentran distribuidas en Internet. Para ello se cuantifica y representa gráficamente por medio de un índice de similitud entre los diferentes centros de interés, de acuerdo a una interpretación intuitiva de similitud entre conjuntos. La utilización de una función procedente de la teoría del aprendizaje nos permite estudiar, a partir de la información en las páginas Web, la similitud o interrelación que existe entre diferentes líneas de investigación. El análisis visual de dichas interrelaciones se ha aplicado al área de investigación del aprendizaje referido al período mayo 2003-mayo 2004. Asimismo, se construyen varias tablas que aclaran la potencialidad futura de este índice de similitud

Análisis de Redes Sociales mediante Diagramas Estratégicos y Diagramas Estructurales

The aim of the present work is to define a theoretical framework which facilitates the analysis of the structure of a network at an individual level. To this end, we propose the integration of co-word analysis together with the analysis of social networks. As a result of this study, a series of diagrams called "structural diagrams" has been obtained. Thanks to these diagrams a pattern can be assigned to each node of the network, and a network can be classified into a set of typologies. The information provided by this theoretical framework will allow a deeper understanding of the dynamics of systems, modeled in the form of networks. In this context, structural diagrams technique improves strategies of the visual exploration of the networks as well as to orientate the definition of those procedures which enable the transformation of one typology of network into another. As a specific example of a real application of this theoretical framework, the social network of the Journal of Software Engineering and Databases (JISBD) scientific community has been analyzed, based on its co-authorship networks.El objetivo del presente trabajo es definir un marco teórico que permita analizar la estructura de una red a nivel individual, para ello se ha integrado el análisis de palabras asociadas con el análisis de redes sociales. Como resultado de este estudio, se han obtenido una serie de diagramas que llamamos "diagramas estructurales". Con estos diagramas asignamos a cada nodo de la red un patrón, así como clasificamos una red dentro de un conjunto de tipologías. La información proporcionada por este marco teórico mejora la comprensión de la dinámica de los sistemas modelados en forma de redes. Dentro de este contexto podemos utilizar la técnica de los diagramas estructurales para mejorar las estrategias de exploración visual de las redes, así como para orientar la definición de actuaciones que permitan transformar la tipología de una red en otra. Como ejemplo concreto de una aplicación real de este marco teórico, se analiza la red social de la comunidad científica de las Jornadas de Ingeniería del Software y Bases de Datos (JISBD), obtenida a partir de su red de co-autorías

Hypercyclicity of operators that λ-commute with the differentiation operator on the space of entire functions

An operator T acting on a separable F-space X is called hypercyclic if there exists f∈X such that the orbit {Tnf} is dense in X. Here we determine when an operator that λ-commutes with the operator of differentiation on the space of entire functions is hypercyclic, extending results by G. Godefroy and J. H. Shapiro [16] and R. M. Aron and D. Markose [1]. © 2022 The AuthorsThe first author is supported by Aula Universitaria del Estrecho, Plan Propio UCA-Internacional . The remaining authors are supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Spain), grants MTM2016-76958 , PGC2018-101514-B-I00 , PID2019-103961GB-C22 , and Vicerrectorado de Investigación de la Universidad de Cádiz . This work has been co-financed by the 2014-2020 ERDF Operational Programme and by the Department of Economy, Knowledge, Business and University of the Regional Government of Andalusia. Project reference: FEDER-UCA18-10841